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TL;DR

Bayesian Estimation with Conjugate Priors: A canonical quantitative trading interview question at intermediate difficulty. Commonly asked at Two Sigma, Citadel, DE Shaw, Jane Street, Point72.

By Valenke Exam Prep Team·Last updated 2026-06-01
intermediateStatistical Inference & Estimation

Bayesian Estimation with Conjugate Priors

Asked at: Two Sigma, Citadel, DE Shaw, Jane Street, Point72

Problem
A coin has unknown bias pp. Your prior is pBeta(2,2)p \sim \text{Beta}(2, 2) (mildly favoring a fair coin). You flip the coin 10 times and observe 7 heads. (a) What is the posterior distribution of pp? (b) What is the Bayesian point estimate (posterior mean)? (c) Compare this to the MLE. Why do they differ? (d) Find a 90% credible interval for pp. (e) After 1000 more flips, 680 are heads. Update the posterior. How has the prior's influence changed?

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